Mandarin 普通话
List of Abbreviations / 简称列表
TOK= System Token
MAN= Mandarin X-SAMPA
IPA= International Phonetic Alphabet
ARP= English Arpabet & Arpasing
ROM= Japanese Romaji
Vowels, Semivowels and Diphthongs
| MAN | IPA | Category | Example | TOK | ARP | ROM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | ä | Vowel | 他 ta 而 er | a | ae | a |
| A | ɑ | Vowel | 狼 lang | A | aa | a |
| o | o̞ | Vowel | 我 wo | o | ao | o |
| @ | ə | Vowel | 碰 peng | @ | ax | e |
| e | e̞ | Vowel | 黑 hei | e | eh | e |
| 7 | ɤ | Vowel | 的 de | 7 | ah | o |
| U | ʊ | Vowel | 从 cong | U | uh | u |
| u | u | Vowel | 无 wu | u | uw | u |
| i | i | Vowel | 伊 yi | i | iy | i |
| i\ | ɨ | Vowel | 丝 si | i\ | ih | i |
**i**|ɨ˞|Vowel|是 sh<u>i</u>| i `` | uh | u | ||||
| y | y | Vowel | 雨 yu | y | iy | i |
| AU | aʊ̯ | Diphthong | 好 hao | AU | aw | a w |
| @U | oʊ̯ | Diphthong | 都 dou | @U | ow | o w |
| ia | jä | Diphthong | 家 jia | ia | y ae | y a |
| iA | jɑ | Diphthong | 将 jiang | iA | y aa | y a |
| iAU | jaʊ̯ | Diphthong | 小 xiao | iAU | y aw | y a w |
| ie | je̞ | Diphthong | 谢 xie | ie | y eh | y e |
| iE | jɛ | Diphthong | 先 xian | iE | y eh | y a |
| iU | jʊ | Diphthong | 穹 qiong | iU | y uh | y u |
| i@U | joʊ̯ | Diphthong | 袖 xiu | i@U | y ow | y o w |
| y{ | ɥæ | Diphthong | 元 yuan | y{ | iy ae | i a |
| yE | ɥɛ | Diphthong | 学 xue | yE | iy eh | i e |
| ua | wä | Diphthong | 花 hua | ua | w ae | w a |
| uA | wɑ | Diphthong | 黄 huang | uA | w aa | w a |
| u@ | wə | Diphthong | 顺 shun | u@ | w ax | w e |
| ue | we | Diphthong | 对 dui | ue | w eh | w e |
| uo | wo | Diphthong | 多 duo | uo | w ao | w o |
| w | w | Semivowel | 网 wang | w | w | w |
| j | j | Semivowel | 用 yong | j | y | y |
**z**|ɻ|Semivowel|日 <u>r</u>i| z `` | zh | j |
Consonants and Codas
| MAN | IPA | Category | Example | TOK | ARP | ROM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| :\i | ɪ̯ | Coda | 还 hai | :\i | ih | e i |
**r\**|ɹ̩|Coda|而 e<u>r</u>| r\ `` | er | r | ||||
| :n | n | Coda | 岸 an | :n | n | n |
| N | ŋ | Coda | 从 cong | N | ng | N |
| p | p | Stop | 并 bing | p | b | b |
| ph | pʰ | Stop | 平 ping | ph | p | p |
| t | t | Stop | 带 dai | t | d | d |
| th | tʰ | Stop | 同 tong | th | t | t |
| k | k | Stop | 给 gei | k | g | g |
| kh | kʰ | Stop | 开 kai | kh | k | k |
| ts\ | tɕ | Affricate | 几 ji | ts\ | jh | j |
| ts\h | tɕʰ | Fricative | 七 qi | ts\h | ch | ch |
| ts | ts | Affricate | 子 zi | ts | z | z |
| tsh | tsʰ | Affricate | 从 cong | tsh | t s | ts |
| ts` | ʈʂ | Affricate | 只 zhi | ts` | jh | j |
| ts`h | ʈʂʰ | Affricate | 尘 chen | ts`h | ch | ch |
| x | x~h | Aspirate | 好 hao | x | hh | h |
| f | f | Fricative | 风 feng | f | f | f |
| s | s | Fricative | 三 san | s | s | s |
**s**|ʂ|Fricative|是 <u>sh</u>i| s `` | sh | sh | ||||
| s\ | ɕ | Fricative | 星 xing | s\ | sh | sh |
| l | l | Liquid | 来 lai | l | l | l |
| m | m | Nasal | 吗 ma | m | m | m |
| n | n | Nasal | 女 nv | n | n | n |