Mandarin 普通话
List of Abbreviations / 简称列表
MAN= Mandarin X-SAMPA
IPA= International Phonetic Alphabet
ARP= English Arpabet & Arpasing
RMJ= Japanese Romaji
Vowels, Semivowels and Diphthongs
| MAN | IPA | Category | Example | ARP | RMJ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | ä | Vowel | 他 ta 而 er | ae | a |
| A | ɑ | Vowel | 狼 lang | aa | a |
| o | o̞ | Vowel | 我 wo | ao | o |
| @ | ə | Vowel | 碰 peng | ax | e |
| e | e̞ | Vowel | 黑 hei | eh | e |
| 7 | ɤ | Vowel | 的 de | ah | o |
| U | ʊ | Vowel | 从 cong | uh | u |
| u | u | Vowel | 无 wu | uw | u |
| i | i | Vowel | 伊 yi | iy | i |
| i\ | ɨ | Vowel | 丝 si | ih | i |
| i` | ɨ˞ | Vowel | 是 shi | uh | u |
| y | y | Vowel | 雨 yu | iy | i |
| AU | aʊ̯ | Diphthong | 好 hao | aw | a w |
| @U | oʊ̯ | Diphthong | 都 dou | ow | o w |
| ia | jä | Diphthong | 家 jia | y ae | y a |
| iA | jɑ | Diphthong | 将 jiang | y aa | y a |
| iAU | jaʊ̯ | Diphthong | 小 xiao | y aw | y a w |
| ie | je̞ | Diphthong | 谢 xie | y eh | y e |
| iE | jɛ | Diphthong | 先 xian | y eh | y a |
| iU | jʊ | Diphthong | 穹 qiong | y uh | y u |
| i@U | joʊ̯ | Diphthong | 袖 xiu | y ow | y o w |
| y{ | ɥæ | Diphthong | 元 yuan | iy ae | i a |
| yE | ɥɛ | Diphthong | 学 xue | iy eh | i e |
| ua | wä | Diphthong | 花 hua | w ae | w a |
| uA | wɑ | Diphthong | 黄 huang | w aa | w a |
| u@ | wə | Diphthong | 顺 shun | w ax | w e |
| ue | we | Diphthong | 对 dui | w eh | w e |
| uo | wo | Diphthong | 多 duo | w ao | w o |
| w | w | Semivowel | 网 wang | w | w |
| j | j | Semivowel | 用 yong | y | y |
| z` | ɻ | Semivowel | 日 ri | zh | j |
Consonants and Codas
| MAN | IPA | Category | Example | ARP | RMJ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| :\i | ɪ̯ | Coda | 还 hai | ih | e i |
| r\` | ɹ̩ | Coda | 而 er | er | r |
| :n | n | Coda | 岸 an | n | n |
| N | ŋ | Coda | 从 cong | ng | N |
| p | p | Stop | 并 bing | b | b |
| ph | pʰ | Stop | 平 ping | p | p |
| t | t | Stop | 带 dai | d | d |
| th | tʰ | Stop | 同 tong | t | t |
| k | k | Stop | 给 gei | g | g |
| kh | kʰ | Stop | 开 kai | k | k |
| ts\ | tɕ | Affricate | 几 ji | jh | j |
| ts\h | tɕʰ | Fricative | 七 qi | ch | ch |
| ts | ts | Affricate | 子 zi | z | z |
| tsh | tsʰ | Affricate | 从 cong | t s | ts |
| ts` | ʈʂ | Affricate | 只 zhi | jh | j |
| ts`h | ʈʂʰ | Affricate | 尘 chen | ch | ch |
| x | x~h | Aspirate | 好 hao | hh | h |
| f | f | Fricative | 风 feng | f | f |
| s | s | Fricative | 三 san | s | s |
| s` | ʂ | Fricative | 是 shi | sh | sh |
| s\ | ɕ | Fricative | 星 xing | sh | sh |
| l | l | Liquid | 来 lai | l | l |
| m | m | Nasal | 吗 ma | m | m |
| n | n | Nasal | 女 nv | n | n |