Mandarin 普通话

List of Abbreviations / 简称列表

TOK = System Token
MAN = Mandarin X-SAMPA
IPA = International Phonetic Alphabet
ARP = English Arpabet & Arpasing
ROM = Japanese Romaji

Vowels, Semivowels and Diphthongs

MAN IPA Category Example TOK ARP ROM
a ä Vowel 他 taer a ae a
A ɑ Vowel 狼 lang A aa a
o Vowel 我 wo o ao o
@ ə Vowel 碰 peng @ ax e
e Vowel 黑 hei e eh e
7 ɤ Vowel 的 de 7 ah o
U ʊ Vowel 从 cong U uh u
u u Vowel wu u uw u
i i Vowel 伊 yi i iy i
i\ ɨ Vowel 丝 si i\ ih i
**i**|ɨ˞|Vowel|是 sh<u>i</u>| i `` uh u        
y y Vowel yu y iy i
AU aʊ̯ Diphthong 好 hao AU aw a w
@U oʊ̯ Diphthong 都 dou @U ow o w
ia Diphthong 家 jia ia y ae y a
iA Diphthong 将 jiang iA y aa y a
iAU jaʊ̯ Diphthong 小 xiao iAU y aw y a w
ie je̞ Diphthong 谢 xie ie y eh y e
iE Diphthong 先 xian iE y eh y a
iU Diphthong 穹 qiong iU y uh y u
i@U joʊ̯ Diphthong 袖 xiu i@U y ow y o w
y{ ɥæ Diphthong 元 yuan y{ iy ae i a
yE ɥɛ Diphthong 学 xue yE iy eh i e
ua Diphthong 花 hua ua w ae w a
uA Diphthong 黄 huang uA w aa w a
u@ Diphthong 顺 shun u@ w ax w e
ue we Diphthong 对 dui ue w eh w e
uo wo Diphthong 多 duo uo w ao w o
w w Semivowel wang w w w
j j Semivowel yong j y y
**z**|ɻ|Semivowel|日 <u>r</u>i| z `` zh j        

Consonants and Codas

MAN IPA Category Example TOK ARP ROM
:\i ɪ̯ Coda 还 hai :\i ih e i
**r\**|ɹ̩|Coda|而 e<u>r</u>| r\ `` er r        
:n n Coda 岸 an :n n n
N ŋ Coda 从 cong N ng N
p p Stop bing p b b
ph Stop ping ph p p
t t Stop dai t d d
th Stop tong th t t
k k Stop gei k g g
kh Stop kai kh k k
ts\ Affricate ji ts\ jh j
ts\h tɕʰ Fricative qi ts\h ch ch
ts ts Affricate zi ts z z
tsh tsʰ Affricate cong tsh t s ts
ts` ʈʂ Affricate zhi ts` jh j
ts`h ʈʂʰ Affricate chen ts`h ch ch
x x~h Aspirate hao x hh h
f f Fricative feng f f f
s s Fricative san s s s
**s**|ʂ|Fricative|是 <u>sh</u>i| s `` sh sh        
s\ ɕ Fricative xing s\ sh sh
l l Liquid lai l l l
m m Nasal ma m m m
n n Nasal nv n n n

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