Mandarin 普通话

List of Abbreviations / 简称列表

MAN = Mandarin X-SAMPA
IPA = International Phonetic Alphabet
ARP = English Arpabet & Arpasing
RMJ = Japanese Romaji

Vowels, Semivowels and Diphthongs

MAN IPA Category Example ARP RMJ
a ä Vowel 他 taer ae a
A ɑ Vowel 狼 lang aa a
o Vowel 我 wo ao o
@ ə Vowel 碰 peng ax e
e Vowel 黑 hei eh e
7 ɤ Vowel 的 de ah o
U ʊ Vowel 从 cong uh u
u u Vowel wu uw u
i i Vowel 伊 yi iy i
i\ ɨ Vowel 丝 si ih i
i` ɨ˞ Vowel 是 shi uh u
y y Vowel yu iy i
AU aʊ̯ Diphthong 好 hao aw a w
@U oʊ̯ Diphthong 都 dou ow o w
ia Diphthong 家 jia y ae y a
iA Diphthong 将 jiang y aa y a
iAU jaʊ̯ Diphthong 小 xiao y aw y a w
ie je̞ Diphthong 谢 xie y eh y e
iE Diphthong 先 xian y eh y a
iU Diphthong 穹 qiong y uh y u
i@U joʊ̯ Diphthong 袖 xiu y ow y o w
y{ ɥæ Diphthong 元 yuan iy ae i a
yE ɥɛ Diphthong 学 xue iy eh i e
ua Diphthong 花 hua w ae w a
uA Diphthong 黄 huang w aa w a
u@ Diphthong 顺 shun w ax w e
ue we Diphthong 对 dui w eh w e
uo wo Diphthong 多 duo w ao w o
w w Semivowel wang w w
j j Semivowel yong y y
z` ɻ Semivowel ri zh j

Consonants and Codas

MAN IPA Category Example ARP RMJ
:\i ɪ̯ Coda 还 hai ih e i
r\` ɹ̩ Coda 而 er er r
:n n Coda 岸 an n n
N ŋ Coda 从 cong ng N
p p Stop bing b b
ph Stop ping p p
t t Stop dai d d
th Stop tong t t
k k Stop gei g g
kh Stop kai k k
ts\ Affricate ji jh j
ts\h tɕʰ Fricative qi ch ch
ts ts Affricate zi z z
tsh tsʰ Affricate cong t s ts
ts` ʈʂ Affricate zhi jh j
ts`h ʈʂʰ Affricate chen ch ch
x x~h Aspirate hao hh h
f f Fricative feng f f
s s Fricative san s s
s` ʂ Fricative shi sh sh
s\ ɕ Fricative xing sh sh
l l Liquid lai l l
m m Nasal ma m m
n n Nasal nv n n