Phoneme / 音素表

See also / 参见

Official Phoneme Reference 官方音素一览表
Symbol Charts 发音记号表Phoneme Comparison 音素对比

List of Abbreviations / 简称列表

MAN = Mandarin X-SAMPA
ARP = English Arpabet & Arpasing
PCZ = Phonemes from PaintedCz’s VCCV English
RMJ = Japanese Romaji
KOR = Korean
YUE = Yue Dialect X-SAMPA
ESP = Spanish X-SAMPA

Chinese 中文

Vowels, Semivowels and Diphthongs

MAN Category Example ARP RMJ
a Vowel 他 ta 而 er ae a
A Vowel 狼 lang aa a
o Vowel 我 wo ao o
@ Vowel 碰 peng ax e
e Vowel 黑 hei eh e
7 Vowel 的 de ah o
U Vowel 从 cong uh u
u Vowel 无 wu uw u
i Vowel 伊 yi iy i
i\ Vowel 丝 si ih i
i` Vowel 是 shi uh u
y Vowel 雨 yu iy i
AU Diphthong 好 hao aw a w
@U Diphthong 都 dou ow o w
ia Diphthong 家 jia y ae y a
iA Diphthong 将 jiang y aa y a
iAU Diphthong 小 xiao y aw y a w
uo Diphthong 多 duo w ao w o
ie Diphthong 谢 xie y eh y e
iE Diphthong 先 xian y eh y a
iU Diphthong 穹 qiong y uh y u
i@U Diphthong 袖 xiu y ow y o w
y{ Diphthong 元 yuan iy ae i a
yE Diphthong 学 xue iy eh i e
ua Diphthong 花 hua w ae w a
uA Diphthong 黄 huang w aa w a
u@ Diphthong 顺 shun w ax w e
ue Diphthong 对 dui w eh w e
w Semivowel 网 wang w w
j Semivowel 用 yong y y
z` Semivowel 日 ri zh j

Consonants and Codas

MAN Category Example ARP RMJ
:\i Coda 还 hai ih e i
r\` Coda 而 er er r
:n Coda 岸 an n n
N Coda 从 cong ng N
p Stop 并 bing b b
ph Stop 平 ping p p
t Stop 带 dai d d
th Stop 同 tong t t
k Stop 给 gei g g
kh Stop 开 kai k k
ts\ Affricate 几 ji jh j
ts\h Fricative 七 qi ch ch
ts Affricate 子 zi z z
tsh Affricate 从 cong t s ts
ts` Affricate 只 zhi jh j
ts`h Affricate 尘 chen ch ch
x Aspirate 好 hao hh h
f Fricative 风 feng f f
s Fricative 三 san s s
s` Fricative 是 shi sh sh
s\ Fricative 星 xing sh sh
l Liquid 来 lai l l
m Nasal 吗 ma m m
n Nasal 女 nv n n

English & UST Import 英语与UST导入

Vowels

ARP Category Example MAN PCZ RMJ
aa Vowel far A a a
ae Vowel bat a @ a
ah Vowel duck A u a
ao Vowel fought o 9 / 0 o
aw Diphthong about AU 8 a u
ax Vowel replica @ x e
ay Diphthong dye a :i I a e i
eh Vowel bed e e e
er Vowel river @ r\` 3 e r
ey Diphthong day e :\i A e i
ih Vowel sick i\ i i
iy Vowel peak i E i
ow Diphthong low @U O o u
oy Diphthong toy o :\i Q o i
uh Vowel full U 6 u
uw Vowel due u o u

Consonants

ARP Category Example MAN PCZ RMJ
b Stop back p b b
ch Affricate chalk ts`h ch ch
d Stop day t d d
dx Stop stutter l dd r
dr Affricate drive ts` w dr j w
dh Fricative rhythm ts dh z
f Fricative fright f f f
g Stop glock k g g
hh Aspirate hay x h h
jh Affricate just ts` j j
k Stop rock kh k k
l Liquid life l l r
m Nasal might m m m
n Nasal night n n n
ng Nasal singer N ng N
p Stop pen ph p p
r Semivowel road r\` r r
s Fricative steel s s s
sh Fricative shrimp s` sh sh
t Stop time th t t
tr Affricate try ts`h w tr ch w
th Fricative truth s th s
v Fricative valve w v v
w Semivowel wool w w w
y Semivowel yacht j y y
z Fricative zebra ts z z
zh Fricative vision z` zh j

Japanese 日语

Vowels and Semivowels

RMJ Category Example ARP
a Vowel あ a ae
i Vowel い i iy
u Vowel う u uh
e Vowel え e eh
o Vowel お o ao
N Vowel ん n ng
w Semivowel わ wa w
v Semivowel ヴァ va v
y Semivowel や ya y

Consonants

RMJ Category Example ARP
t Stop た ta t
ty Stop てゃ tya t y
d Stop だ da d
dy Stop でゃ dya d y
s Fricative さ sa s
sh Fricative しゃ sha sh
j Affricate じゃ ja zh
z Affricate ざ za z
ts Affricate つ tsu t s
ch Affricate ちゃ cha ch
k Stop か ka k
ky Stop きゃ kya k y
g Stop が ga g
gy Stop ぎゃ gya g y
h Aspirate ハ ha hh
hy Aspirate ひゃ hya hh y
b Stop ば ba b
by Stop びゃ bya b y
p Stop ぱ pa p
py Stop ぴゃ pya p y
n Nasal な na n
ny Nasal にゃ nya n y
m Nasal ま ma m
my Nasal みゃ mya m y
r Liquid ら ra/la dx
ry Liquid りゃ rya dx y
f Fricative ふぁ fa f

Korean 韩语

Vowels

KOR MAN ARP RMJ
ㅏ / a a ae a
ㅐ / ae e eh e
ㅑ / ya ia y ae y a
ㅒ / yae ie y eh y e
ㅓ / eo A ah a o
ㅔ / e e eh e
ㅕ / yeo iA y ah y a o
ㅖ / ye ie y eh y e
ㅗ / o o ao o
ㅘ / wa ua w ae w a
ㅙ / wae ue w eh w e
ㅚ / oe ue w eh w e
ㅛ / yo j o y ao y o
ㅜ / u u uw u
ㅝ / wo uA w ah w o
ㅞ / we ue w eh w e
ㅟ / wi y w iy w i
ㅠ / yu j u y uw y u
ㅡ / eu U uh u
ㅣ / i i iy i
ㅢ / ui (Initial) U i uh iy u i
ㅢ / ui (Non-initial) i iy i

Consonants

KOR MAN ARP RMJ
ㄱ / g k g g
ㄲ / kk cl k cl g cl g
ㄱ / k (Final) k g g
ㄲ / k (Final) k g g
ㄴ / n :n n n
ㅁ / m m m m
ㄷ / d t d d
ㄸ / tt cl t cl d cl d
ㄷ / t (Final) t d d
ㅂ / p (Final) p b b
ㅂ / b p b b
ㅃ / pp cl p cl b cl b
ㄹ / r l dx r
ㄹ / l (Final) r` l r
ㅅ / s s s s
ㅆ / ss s s s
ㅅ / s (Before i/y) s\ sh sh
ㅅ / t (Final) t d d
ㅆ / ss (Before i/y) cl s\ cl sh cl sh
ㅆ / t (Final) t d d
ㅈ / j ts\ jh j
ㅊ / ch ts\h ch ch
ㅈ / t (Final) t d d
ㅊ / t (Final) t d d
ㅉ / jj cl ts\ cl jh cl j
ㅇ / ng (Final) N ng N
ㅋ / k kh k k
ㅌ / t th t t
ㅍ / p ph p p
ㅎ / h x hh h

Yue 粤方言

Vowels and Semivowels

YUE Category Example MAN ARP RMJ
a Vowel 责 zaak a ae a
6 Vowel 周 zau @ ax a
E Vowel 些 se e eh e
e Vowel 伾 pei e e eh
i Vowel 兒 ji i iy i
I Vowel 升 sing i\ ih i
O Vowel 开 hoi o ao o
o Vowel 數 sou o ao o
u Vowel 潰 kui u uw u
U Vowel 用 jung U uh u
9 Vowel 约 joek e eh e
8 Vowel 摔 seot @ ax e
m= Vowel 唔 m m m m
N= Vowel 五 ng N ng N
w Semivowel 泳 wing w w w
j Semivowel 一 jat j y y
y Vowel 雪 syut y iy i

Consonants and Codas

YUE Category Example MAN ARP RMJ
p Stop 不 bat p b b
ph Stop 伾 pei ph p p
t Stop 代 doi t d d
th Stop 秃 tuk th t t
k Stop 九 gau k g g
kh Stop 期 kei kh k k
kw Stop 瓜 gwaa k w g w gw
kwh Stop 夸 kwaa kh w k w kw
ts Affricate 自 zi ts z z
tsh Affricate 次 ci tsh t s ts
f Fricative 风 fung f f f
h Fricative 可 ho h hh h
s Fricative 雪 syut s s s
l Liquid 哩 le l l l
m Nasal 茗 ming m m m
:m Coda 闪 sim m m m
n Nasal 年 nin n n n
:n Coda 新 san :n n n
N Nasal 外 ngoi N ng N
:N Coda 风 fung N ng N
:i Coda 女 neoi :\i ih i
:u Coda 好 hou u uh u
:p_} Coda 汁 zap p p p
:t_} Coda 雪 syut t t t
:k_} Coda 责 zaak k k k

Spanish 西班牙语

Vowels and Semivowels

ESP Category Example MAN ARP RMJ
a vowel   a ae a
e vowel   e eh e
i vowel   i iy i
o vowel   o ao o
u vowel   u uw u
U semivowel   U uh u
I semivowel   :\i ih i
y semivowel   j y y
ll semivowel   j y y

Consotants

ESP Category Example MAN ARP RMJ
b stop   p b b
B stop   w v v
d stop   t d d
D stop   ts dh z
g stop   k g g
k stop   kh k k
p stop   ph p p
t stop   th t t
l liquid   l l r
rr liquid   r\` r r
r liquid   r\` r r
m nasal   m m m
n nasal   n n n
N nasal   N ng N
J nasal   n j n y ny
f fricative   f f f
s fricative   s s s
C fricative   s th s
sh fricative   s` sh sh
ch affricate   ts`h ch ch
x fricative   x hh h

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